1. Place appropriate words in the following sentences.

  • As a result of the hydrolysis with NaOH, the oils/fats decompose into the                    salts of fatty acids and glycerin.
  • The resulting fatty acid salts are called                            .
  • Soap solutions have                             properties. (acidic/basic/neutral)
  • Arab soap has                             metal in its structure.
  • Water-insoluble part of soap is called  and water-soluble part is called                                    .
  • In hard waters,             and             ions are found.
  • Detergents don’t                                      by hydrolysis in water.
  • In bleach, the bleaching powder is lime putty which has the chemical formula                                  .

Answers

  • sodium (white/hard)
  • soaps
  • basic
  • potassium (K)
  • hydrophobic – hydrophilic
  • Ca2+ – Mg2+
  • decompose
  • Ca(OCl)2

2. Indicate that the information given in the sentence is true / false.

  1. Oils/fats are hydrolyzed together with NaOH and KOH solutions. ………
  2. Soap solutions show neutral properties. ………
  3. Soaps containing potassium are softer. ………
  4. Water-insoluble part in soaps is known as hydrophobic. ………
  5. ions which give hardness to water are K+1 and Na+1 ………
  6. Detergents have better cleaning properties than soaps. ………
  7. Detergents are hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions. ………
  8. Bleach is used for cleaning and hygiene in laundry. ………
  9. The most important advantage of detergents with respect to soaps is that they do not form precipitates with metal ions in hard waters. ………
  10. The soils are usually oil and similar polar organic substances. ………

Answers

  1. T
  2. F
  3. T
  4. T
  5. F
  6. T
  7. F
  8. T
  9. T
  10. F
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